Plastisoijien

Plastisoijien, known in English as plasticizers, are additives used in polymers to increase flexibility, workability, and processability. They are typically low-volatility liquids that reside between polymer chains, reducing intermolecular forces and lowering the glass transition temperature. This enables rigid plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to become pliable and easier to manufacture.

Common classes of plasticizers include:

- Phthalates, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), widely used in PVC but subject to health and regulatory scrutiny.

- Adipates, including di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA) and diisononyl adipate, often marketed as lower-toxicity alternatives.

- Citrates, for example acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), used as non-phthalate options in toys and some medical products.

- Polymeric plasticizers, which are high-molecular-weight compounds that reduce volatility and blooming.

- Other non-phthalate options such as sebacates or benzoates, chosen to meet regulatory or performance requirements.

Applications and performance:

Plasticizers are added to PVC and other polymers to improve flexibility, reduce brittleness, and modify processing temperatures. Typical end products include films, wires and cables, flooring, coatings, and sealants.

Health, safety and regulation:

Several phthalate plasticizers have raised concerns about human health and the environment. Many jurisdictions restrict or phase out certain phthalates in children’s products and consumer goods, encouraging the use of alternative plasticizers. Selection depends on regulatory compliance, compatibility, volatility, and permanence in the final product.

Manufacturing:

Most plasticizers are produced by esterification of a diacid with a diol, yielding a mixture that is then refined and purified before formulation.