Plastikuid

Plastikuid are polymer-based materials that can be molded or shaped into a wide range of products. They are derived from petrochemical feedstocks or renewable resources and include both synthetic and semi-synthetic polymers. Common examples are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and many others. Plastics are typically categorized as thermoplastics, which soften when heated and can be remelted, or thermosetting plastics, which set into a rigid network and cannot be remelted. Bioplastics, which are either bio-based, biodegradable, or both, form another important subgroup.

Production generally involves polymerization or step-growth condensation of smaller molecules into long chains. Properties such as light weight, toughness, chemical resistance, electrical insulation and barrier performance make plastikuid versatile for a wide range of applications. They are widely used in packaging, construction, automotive, electronics, medical devices and consumer products.

Waste management and recycling are central sustainability considerations. Plastics can be mechanically recycled, chemically recycled or used for energy recovery in waste-to-energy facilities. Recycling rates depend on polymer type, contamination and local infrastructure. Biodegradable or compostable plastics require appropriate facilities and conditions to break down. Additives like plasticizers, flame retardants and UV stabilizers extend useful life but can pose regulatory and environmental concerns.

Historically, Bakelite, introduced in 1907, is often cited as the first widely used plastic, marking the start of the modern plastics era. Global production has grown to hundreds of millions of tonnes annually, prompting ongoing efforts toward reduction, reuse and safer materials.