Plastifikaattit

Plastifikaattit, commonly known as plasticizers, are additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of a material, typically plastics. They are usually liquids or soft solids that are incompatible with the polymer matrix but can be dissolved or dispersed within it. The primary function of plasticizers is to reduce the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, making it more flexible and easier to process. This is achieved by interfering with the intermolecular forces between polymer chains, allowing them to move more freely relative to each other.

The most widely used type of plasticizer is phthalate esters, although concerns about their potential health and environmental impacts have led to the development and use of alternative plasticizers, such as adipates, citrates, and terephthalates. Plasticizers are incorporated into polymers through various methods, including melt compounding, solution blending, and extrusion. They are essential components in a vast array of plastic products, including flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) used in cables, flooring, and medical devices, as well as in paints, adhesives, and coatings. The selection of a specific plasticizer depends on the polymer type, desired properties, processing conditions, and regulatory requirements.