Pitohuiidae

Pitohuiidae is a family of passerine birds endemic to New Guinea and surrounding islands. The family comprises the genus Pitohui, which includes several species of thrush-like birds. These birds are most famous for their toxicity, a trait shared by several species within the genus.

The toxicity of pitohuis is attributed to a batrachotoxin, a potent neurotoxin found in their skin and feathers. This toxin is also found in poisonous frogs of the genus Phyllobates. It is believed that pitohuis acquire the toxin from their diet, primarily by consuming certain species of beetles of the family Melyridae. The toxin acts by interfering with nerve impulse transmission, causing numbness and paralysis in those who come into contact with it.

Pitohuis are generally medium-sized birds with drab plumage, often brown or grey, though some species exhibit brighter colors, particularly in males. They inhabit a variety of forest types, from lowland rainforests to montane forests. Their diet consists mainly of insects, fruits, and seeds.

The discovery of toxicity in these birds was a significant finding, as it was the first time a poisonous bird species was identified. This has led to extensive research into the evolution of toxicity in birds and the ecological interactions that contribute to this unique adaptation. Despite their toxicity, pitohuis are not generally considered dangerous to humans unless handled directly, and their flesh is not typically consumed.