Pickerel

Pickerel is a common name used for several small- to mid-sized freshwater fishes in the genus Esox, in the family Esocidae. In North America, the term most often refers to chain pickerel (Esox niger), redfin pickerel (Esox americanus americanus), and grass pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus). In some regions, larger species such as the northern pike (Esox lucius) are simply called pike rather than pickerel.

These species are predatory freshwater fish with elongated bodies, large mouths full of sharp teeth, and fins positioned toward the tail. Color patterns vary by species: chain pickerel typically shows dark vertical chain-like markings; redfin pickerel has vermiculated patterns and reddish fins; grass pickerel is smaller and can be olive to green with lighter markings.

Pickerel inhabit rivers, lakes, and wetlands with dense vegetation and abundant prey. They are native to eastern North America, with chain pickerel found across the eastern United States and into southern Canada, and redfin and grass pickerel widespread in the eastern United States. They favor shallow, vegetated areas for ambush hunting.

Diet is mainly fish, with young individuals eating aquatic invertebrates and amphibians. They are ambush predators that strike quickly at prey concealed in cover.

Spawning occurs in spring in shallow, vegetation-rich areas. Eggs are released in gelatinous masses that adhere to aquatic plants. Fry feed on zooplankton before switching to small fish as they grow.

Pickerel are valued by anglers and are typically managed under local regulations. They are not globally endangered, though local populations may be affected by habitat loss, water quality, and fishing pressure, with status varying by region.