Phytostenols

Phytostenols, also known as plant sterols or phytosterols, are naturally occurring compounds found in plants. They are structurally similar to cholesterol, a lipid found in animal cell membranes and blood. This structural similarity allows phytostenols to compete with cholesterol for absorption in the digestive tract. When consumed, phytostenols can reduce the amount of dietary and biliary cholesterol absorbed by the body.

The main types of phytostenols include sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. They are present in various plant-based foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and legumes. Due to their cholesterol-lowering properties, phytostenols are often added to certain food products, like margarines, yogurts, and orange juice, to create functional foods.

Research has indicated that regular consumption of phytostenols can contribute to lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. This reduction in LDL cholesterol is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. The recommended intake for beneficial effects is typically around 2 grams per day. While generally considered safe, very high intakes might potentially affect the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, though this is rarely a concern with typical dietary consumption. Phytostenols are a topic of ongoing research in the field of nutrition and cardiovascular health.