Phakoemulsifikation

Phakoemulsifikation, also known as phacoemulsification, is a modern cataract surgery technique in which the eye’s natural crystalline lens is emulsified with ultrasonic energy and then aspirated from the eye. The procedure is followed by implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). It is typically performed through a small corneal or scleral incision, enabling rapid recovery and minimal induced astigmatism.

During the procedure, the surgeon creates access to the lens with a circular opening in the anterior capsule (capsulorhexis). A phacoemulsification probe delivers ultrasonic energy to fragment the lens nucleus, which is then aspirated along with the cortical material. The remaining lens capsule supports a foldable IOL that is implanted within the capsular bag. The operation is commonly done under local anesthesia and on an outpatient basis.

Phakoemulsifikation is indicated for visually significant cataracts that impair daily activities or refractive goals. The technique offers advantages over older methods, including smaller incisions, less trauma to eye tissues, faster visual rehabilitation, and reduced postoperative astigmatism. Variations in technique include different nucleus disassembly methods (such as stop-and-chop or divide-and-conquer).

Possible complications are infrequent but important to consider. Intraoperative issues can include capsular rupture with vitreous loss. Postoperative risks include infection (endophthalmitis), elevated intraocular pressure, corneal edema, cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, and IOL dislocation. Most complications are treatable with prompt care.

Recovery typically involves a course of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic eye drops, with activity restrictions and protective measures as advised. Vision generally improves over days to weeks, and most patients achieve a stable, functioning result.