Pflanzenkläranlagen

Pflanzenkläranlagen, also known as constructed wetlands or plant-based sewage treatment, are artificial systems designed to treat wastewater using the natural processes of aquatic plants and microorganisms. They mimic the purifying functions of natural wetlands, employing a variety of plants, such as reeds, cattails, and bulrushes, rooted in gravel or soil beds.

Wastewater flows through these beds, where a complex biological and physical treatment occurs. Plant roots provide a surface for beneficial bacteria to colonize. These microorganisms break down organic pollutants, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, and some pathogens. The gravel or soil acts as a filter, removing suspended solids. Different designs exist, including horizontal flow, vertical flow, and hybrid systems, each with specific applications and efficiencies.

Pflanzenkläranlagen are often used for treating domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, and industrial wastewater, particularly in areas where conventional sewage treatment plants are not feasible or cost-effective. They are recognized for their sustainability, low energy consumption, and ability to create habitats for wildlife. While generally effective, their treatment capacity can be influenced by factors like temperature, plant health, and hydraulic loading. Maintenance typically involves occasional harvesting of plant biomass and monitoring of system performance. They represent a green engineering approach to water purification.