Pehlwani

Pehlwani, also known as kushti, is a traditional form of wrestling from the Indian subcontinent. It emerged as a syncretic style during the Mughal era, blending native Indian wrestling with Persian influences. The term pehlwani derives from pehlwan, meaning wrestler. The style is closely associated with akharas, the rural training halls where wrestlers practice.

Training and technique revolve around hard conditioning and grappling. Practitioners, called pehlwans or kushtiwale, train for long hours with a focus on strength, endurance, balance, and technique. Training often includes calisthenics, throws, clinching, and drill work on a dirt or clay pit. Wrestlers typically wear a langoti, a traditional loincloth, and live disciplined, regimented lifestyles to support their conditioning and weight management.

Competitions, or kushti bouts, are conducted in akharas or at local fairs. Matches are usually decided by a fall, when a wrestler’s shoulders are forced to touch the ground, though formats and rules can vary by region. Victory may also be declared by points or referee decision in some contexts.

Cultural significance remains strong in parts of India and Pakistan, with akharas serving as training centers and social hubs for communities. The tradition has produced renowned figures, such as The Great Gama (Gama Pehlwan), who achieved international fame in the early 20th century, and continues to influence contemporary wrestling in the region. In popular culture, pehlwani has been highlighted in film and media, contributing to its visibility beyond traditional venues.