Parkinsonkórral

Parkinson's disease, or Parkinsonkórral in Icelandic, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the motor system. It is characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. These neurons produce a vital neurotransmitter known as dopamine, which plays a crucial role in controlling movement, balance, and coordination.

The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. As dopamine levels decline, individuals with Parkinson's begin to experience motor symptoms. The most common of these are tremors, often starting in one limb, rigidity, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), and postural instability, which can lead to difficulties with walking and balance.

Non-motor symptoms are also prevalent in Parkinson's disease and can appear years before the motor symptoms. These can include sleep disturbances, loss of sense of smell, constipation, depression, anxiety, and cognitive changes. The progression of the disease varies significantly among individuals, and there is currently no cure.

Treatment for Parkinson's disease focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Medications that increase dopamine levels or mimic its effects are commonly prescribed. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can also be beneficial in addressing motor and non-motor impairments. As the disease advances, surgical options like deep brain stimulation may be considered for some patients. Research into the underlying causes and potential new treatments for Parkinson's disease is ongoing.