Paranasaliset

Paranasaliset is a term used in some scholarly discussions to denote the paranasal sinuses, a group of air-filled cavities located within the bones surrounding the nasal cavity. These spaces are lined by respiratory epithelium and connect to the nasal cavity through small openings called ostia.

Anatomy and distribution: The major paranasaliset compartments are the maxillary sinuses in the cheekbones, the frontal sinuses above the orbits, the ethmoid air cells between the nose and eyes, and the sphenoid sinus behind the ethmoid bones. There is considerable variation among individuals; some people have hypoplastic or absent sinuses in certain regions. The sinuses vary in size and pneumatization with age and development.

Development and function: The paranasaliset develop through postnatal pneumatization of the surrounding bones. They are thought to help reduce skull weight, assist in humidifying and warming inhaled air, and contribute to voice resonance. They also produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity, contributing to airway hygiene and defense.

Clinical significance and imaging: The paranasaliset are commonly involved in upper respiratory infections. Obstruction of sinus ostia can lead to mucus stasis and sinusitis, which may be acute or chronic. Dental infections can spread to the maxillary sinus. Imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT), is standard for evaluation, with MRI used for soft tissue characterization. Treatments range from medical management (nasal steroids, decongestants, antibiotics when indicated) to endoscopic sinus surgery for persistent disease.

See also: Paranasal sinuses, sinusitis, endoscopic sinus surgery.