Pankreatitida

Pankreatitida, also known as pancreatitis, is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin. Inflammation can be acute, meaning it develops suddenly and lasts for a short period, or chronic, meaning it persists over a longer duration and can lead to permanent damage.

The most common causes of acute pancreatitis include gallstones blocking the bile duct and excessive alcohol consumption. Other potential causes include certain medications, high triglyceride levels, abdominal injury, infections, and in some cases, the cause remains unknown. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis typically include severe upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever, and a rapid pulse. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as infection, cysts, or organ failure.

Chronic pancreatitis is often caused by long-term heavy alcohol use or persistent inflammation from repeated acute episodes. It can also be due to genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, or blockages of the pancreatic duct. Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis can include persistent or recurring abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, oily stools (steatorrhea) due to maldigestion, and eventually diabetes as the insulin-producing cells are damaged.

Diagnosis of pancreatitis usually involves blood tests to check for elevated pancreatic enzymes, imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, and sometimes endoscopic procedures. Treatment for acute pancreatitis focuses on supportive care, including pain management, intravenous fluids, and nutritional support, often requiring hospitalization. Chronic pancreatitis management aims to relieve pain, manage maldigestion with enzyme supplements, and treat complications like diabetes. Alcohol abstinence is crucial for individuals with alcohol-related pancreatitis.