Palletization

Palletization refers to the process of placing goods on a pallet to form a unit load for handling, storage, and transport. It enables standardized handling with forklifts, pallet jacks, and automated systems.

It improves efficiency, safety, and inventory control. Unit loads reduce the number of touches and damage, and they facilitate stacking, loading, and unloading.

Common pallet materials are wood, plastic, metal, and corrugated board. Wood pallets are inexpensive but prone to damage and pests; plastic pallets are durable and washable; metal pallets offer high load capacity but are heavier and more expensive; corrugated pallets are lightweight and suitable for single-use or light loads.

Standard pallet sizes vary by region. The EUR/EPAL standard is 800 by 1200 millimeters; in North America, 40 by 48 inches. Other sizes exist for Asia, Latin America, and specialized industries.

Palletization often uses unit loads with stretch wrap, banding, and slip sheets. Stacking patterns and corner boards improve stability; pallet collars or lids can protect edges and contents.

Quality and safety considerations include ISPM-15 treatment for wood packaging to prevent pests and EPAL certification for pallets. Pallets should be inspected for moisture, cracks, or contamination.

Environmental aspects emphasize reuse and recycling to extend pallet life. Wood pallets can be remanufactured or chipped for mulch; plastic pallets are recyclable where facilities exist.

Applications and trends include widespread use in retail, manufacturing, and logistics. Automation is increasing, with palletizing robots and sensors that enable tracking and optimization of the unit load.