PWCs

Personal watercraft (PWC) refers to small motorized watercraft designed to be ridden with a standing or sitting posture. PWCs are propelled by a rear water-jet propulsion system rather than an exposed propeller, which can improve safety by reducing contact with submerged objects. They are typically operated with handlebars, a throttle, and a key or lanyard switch.

Most modern PWCs are sit-down models that accommodate two to four riders and are designed for stability at low speeds and efficiency at higher speeds. Stand-up PWCs, once common in the early days of the market, are lighter and require more balance and skill, but remain in use for certain racing categories and recreational use.

PWCs are used for recreation, sport, and some forms of work such as rescue and patrolling. They offer quick accelerations, turning agility, and easy access to shallow water. Riding requires attention to weather, water conditions, and other boats.

Safety and regulations are important factors. Operators are often required to complete training or possess a license in many jurisdictions. Mandatory safety gear includes USCG-approved life jackets and a kill-switch lanyard. Regulations may cover registration, speed limits, and nighttime operation.

Environmental considerations include emissions, noise, and fuel use. In response, manufacturers have moved to four-stroke engines and, in some cases, electric or hybrid propulsion, to reduce pollution and improve efficiency. Maintenance focuses on cooling systems, jet nozzles, and battery care for electric models.

Major manufacturers include Kawasaki, Sea-Doo (Bombardier), and Yamaha, with various other brands worldwide. The term jet ski is a brand name often used colloquially, though PWCs encompass a range of designs and specifications ranging from compact two-seat models to larger, multi-seat craft.