PAPVC
PAPVC stands for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, a congenital heart defect in which one or more pulmonary veins drain into the right atrium or systemic venous circulation rather than the left atrium. In most cases, the right upper pulmonary veins drain anomalously, commonly into the superior vena cava or right atrium, while the remaining pulmonary veins connect normally to the left atrium. PAPVC may occur alone or with an atrial septal defect.
Because some oxygenated blood returns to the right heart, PAPVC creates a left-to-right shunt. The shunt increases
Most individuals are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during imaging for unrelated reasons. When symptoms occur, they
Management depends on shunt size and symptoms. Mild PAPVC with small shunts may be observed. Significant shunts