Ozena

Ozena is a chronic nasal condition characterized by atrophy of the nasal mucosa and underlying bone, leading to the formation of foul-smelling crusts within the nasal passages. The term "ozena" is derived from the Greek word for stench. This condition is often associated with a distinctive foul odor that originates from the decomposition of these crusts.

The exact cause of ozena is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These include genetic predisposition, hormonal influences (particularly during puberty and menopause), nutritional deficiencies, and potentially chronic nasal infections or irritations. Historically, it was also linked to syphilis, though this is less common in modern times.

The primary symptom is the characteristic foul odor, which the affected individual may not perceive due to anosmia (loss of smell) associated with the condition. Other symptoms can include nasal obstruction, dryness, bleeding (epistaxis), and a sensation of fullness in the nose. The nasal passages often appear widened due to the atrophied tissue.

Diagnosis is typically made based on the clinical presentation and physical examination of the nasal cavity. Medical management aims to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments often involve regular nasal irrigation with saline solutions to remove crusts and moisturize the nasal lining. Topical antibiotics or ointments may be prescribed to reduce bacterial colonization and the odor. In some severe cases, surgical interventions might be considered to narrow the nasal passages and reduce air turbulence, which can help in retaining moisture. Ozena is generally a progressive condition, and while symptoms can be managed, a complete cure is often not achievable.