Otomykoosi

Otomykoosi, also known as otomycosis, is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal and, less commonly, the outer ear. It typically develops when fungi colonize the ear canal, often after disruptions to normal ear defenses such as antibiotic use, wax buildup, or moisture exposure. The condition is more common in warm, humid climates and among individuals who swim frequently or use ear drops that alter the normal ear environment.

The most common causative organisms are Aspergillus species, particularly Aspergillus niger, and Candida species. Risk factors include recent antibiotic or steroid use, chronic eczema of the ear, excessive moisture, and immune suppression. Symptoms usually include itching (pruritus), a sense of fullness or blockage, and abnormal ear discharge that may be thick or crumbly. Ear pain can occur, and hearing may be affected if the canal is blocked.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, with otoscopy showing canal inflammation and debris. Microscopic examination of debris (eg, KOH preparation) or culture can confirm fungal elements and identify the organism. It is important to distinguish otomykoosi from bacterial otitis externa and other ear conditions.

Treatment focuses on removing debris from the ear canal (debridement) and applying topical antifungal drops, such as clotrimazole or miconazole, with acetic acid drops as an alternative. In some cases, other topical antifungals or a short course of systemic therapy may be used, particularly in extensive disease or immunocompromised patients. Avoidance of water exposure and mechanical cleaning with cotton swabs is advised. Recurrence is possible, and ongoing management may address predisposing factors.