Orofaryngealkreft

Orofaryngealkreft refers to cancer that develops in the oropharynx, the part of the throat located behind the mouth. This region includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the side and back walls of the throat. Orofaryngeal cancer is a type of head and neck cancer.

The most common cause of orofaryngeal cancer is infection with certain high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers are generally more common in men and are often found in the tonsils or base of the tongue. Other risk factors include tobacco use (smoking and chewing) and heavy alcohol consumption, which can also cause oropharyngeal cancer independent of HPV.

Symptoms can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor but may include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, a lump in the neck, ear pain, unexplained weight loss, or a change in voice. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs, and a biopsy to confirm the presence and type of cancer.

Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer, HPV status, and the patient's overall health. They commonly include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In many cases, a combination of treatments is used. Advances in treatment have led to improved outcomes for many patients with orofaryngeal cancer, particularly those linked to HPV.