Orientatsioonikaartide

Orientatsioonikaartide, often translated as "orientation maps" or "orienteering maps," are specialized topographical maps designed for the sport of orienteering. These maps are characterized by a high level of detail and a standardized system of symbols and colors that are crucial for navigation in natural terrain. Unlike standard topographic maps, orienteering maps are typically drawn to a larger scale, ranging from 1:4,000 to 1:15,000, allowing for precise identification of features.

The color scheme of an orienteering map is standardized. Black is used for man-made features such as buildings, fences, and paths, as well as for rock features and the edges of cliffs. Blue represents water features like streams, lakes, and ponds. Green is used to depict vegetation, with darker shades indicating denser or more difficult-to-pass forest areas and lighter shades representing sparser vegetation or open ground. Brown signifies contour lines, showing elevation changes, and often includes features like small hills or ditches. White areas represent open forest or grassland that is easy to travel through. Yellow is typically used for open terrain, such as fields or clearings.

Orienteering maps also feature a grid system aligned with magnetic north, which helps competitors orient their map and compass. Contour lines are usually drawn at a 5-meter interval, though this can vary depending on the terrain. The precision of these maps is paramount for the sport, as even small inaccuracies can lead to significant navigation errors. They are produced by experienced mapmakers who often survey the terrain themselves to ensure accuracy and detail, reflecting features like individual trees, ditches, and even significant rocks.