Ongelmakeskeinen

Ongelmakeskeinen, meaning "problem-centered" in Finnish, is an educational and organizational learning approach in which learning activities are organized around authentic problems rather than around predefined topics. In this framework, learners identify, analyze, and propose solutions to real-world problems, often working collaboratively and iteratively. The term appears in Finnish educational literature to describe approaches aligned with problem-based and inquiry-based learning and is often contrasted with content- or teacher-centered methods.

Origins and scope: The concept draws on constructivist and social-constructivist theories and is widely used in Finnish primary, secondary, and higher education as well as in professional training.

Key features: It is learner-centered, emphasizes active inquiry, collaboration, and the integration of knowledge across disciplines. Learners use real data and authentic contexts, reformulating problems as needed and reflecting on their problem-solving process. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a transmitter of information.

Applications and implications: Ongelmakeskeinen approaches are used across STEM, health sciences, social sciences, and professional programs to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and transfer of knowledge to new contexts. Assessments tend to focus on process, justification, collaboration, and the quality of final solutions.

Strengths and challenges: The approach can increase engagement and autonomy and support transferable skills, but it requires time, resources, and trained facilitation. It may be difficult to ensure coverage of foundational content, and assessment can be complex and time-consuming.