Ohjauslaskennassa

Ohjauslaskenta, known in English as control calculation or control computation, refers to the digital implementation of control algorithms. It is a fundamental concept in modern automatic control systems, particularly in industrial automation and robotics. The core idea is to translate the mathematical models and control strategies devised by control engineers into a form that a digital computer can execute.

This involves several key steps. First, the continuous-time dynamics of the system to be controlled are discretized, typically using methods like the Euler method or Tustin transformation, to create a discrete-time model. This discrete-time model is then used to design a digital controller, often based on well-established control theories such as PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control, state-space control, or model predictive control. The designed digital control law is then programmed into a microcontroller, programmable logic controller (PLC), or a dedicated industrial PC.

The implementation of ohjauslaskenta requires careful consideration of factors like sampling time, quantization errors, computational power, and real-time operating system constraints. The sampling time, for instance, must be chosen appropriately to accurately capture the system's dynamics and ensure stability. Quantization errors arise from representing continuous sensor values and control signals with finite digital precision. The computational load of the control algorithm must also be manageable within the available processing capabilities to allow for timely execution. Ultimately, ohjauslaskenta bridges the gap between theoretical control design and practical, automated system operation.