Oedem

Oedem, also spelled edema, is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces or body cavities. This swelling can occur in various parts of the body, including the limbs, face, lungs, or abdomen, depending on the underlying cause.

The primary causes of oedem include conditions that lead to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased capillary permeability, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage. Common conditions associated with oedem are heart failure, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, malnutrition, and certain inflammatory or allergic reactions.

Symptoms of oedem typically manifest as swelling, which may be soft and pliable or tight and shiny, depending on its severity. The affected area might feel heavy or uncomfortable, and in some cases, skin over the swollen region may appear stretched or glossy.

Diagnosis involves physical examination and medical history assessment. Further investigations, such as blood tests, urinalysis, echocardiography, or imaging studies like ultrasound, may be required to identify the underlying cause.

Treatment of oedem depends on its etiology. Addressing the primary condition is essential, along with measures like reducing salt intake, elevating the affected limbs, and using diuretics to promote fluid removal. In cases of lymphatic obstruction, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Oedem is a symptom rather than a disease itself, and its management aims at alleviating discomfort and treating the underlying pathology. If persistent or associated with other symptoms, medical evaluation is advisable to prevent potential complications.