Nýrnasjúkdómi

Nýrnasjúkdómi, or kidney disease, refers to a broad range of conditions that impair the kidneys' ability to function properly. The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood, producing hormones that regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production, and vitamin D activity. When kidneys are damaged, they lose their ability to perform these essential tasks, leading to a buildup of waste in the body and potentially causing other health problems.

Common causes of nýrnasjúkdómi include diabetes and high blood pressure, which can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys over time. Other causes can include glomerulonephritis, an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, and polycystic kidney disease, a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. Infections, autoimmune diseases, and certain medications can also contribute to kidney damage.

Symptoms of nýrnasjúkdómi can vary depending on the severity and type of disease, and often develop slowly. Early stages may be asymptomatic, but as the condition progresses, individuals might experience fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, changes in urination frequency, foamy urine, and persistent itching. In advanced stages, serious complications such as anemia, bone disease, and cardiovascular problems can arise. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and imaging studies. Treatment aims to slow the progression of the disease, manage underlying causes, and alleviate symptoms, with options ranging from lifestyle changes and medications to dialysis and kidney transplantation in cases of kidney failure.