Nyomáscsökkenés

Nyomáscsökkenés, or hypotension, refers to a condition characterized by abnormally low blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels, and it is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Normal blood pressure is generally considered to be below 120/80 mmHg, with the first number representing systolic pressure (the pressure when the heart beats) and the second number representing diastolic pressure (the pressure when the heart rests between beats).

Hypotension can be classified into two main types: orthostatic hypotension and neurogenic hypotension. Orthostatic hypotension occurs when a person's blood pressure drops significantly upon standing up, often leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting. Neurogenic hypotension, on the other hand, is caused by damage to the autonomic nervous system, which regulates blood pressure, and can result from conditions like stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injuries.

The causes of hypotension can vary widely and may include dehydration, heart failure, anemia, low blood volume, and certain medications. Symptoms of hypotension can range from mild, such as fatigue and dizziness, to severe, including loss of consciousness and shock. Diagnosis typically involves measuring blood pressure and may include additional tests to identify the underlying cause.

Treatment for hypotension depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. It may include lifestyle changes such as increasing fluid intake, wearing compression stockings, and avoiding triggers like standing up too quickly. Medications may also be prescribed to raise blood pressure, such as fluids, vasopressors, or medications that stimulate the heart to pump more blood. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to administer intravenous fluids and monitor the patient's condition closely.