Notarial

Notarial is an adjective relating to the functions of a notary public or to acts performed by a notary. Notarial acts are commonly used to verify signatures, authenticate identities, and certify copies of documents, with the aim of preventing forgery and ensuring the admissibility of documents in legal and administrative proceedings.

The precise role and authority of a notarial official vary by jurisdiction. In some countries, notaries are public officers with broad authority, akin to lawyers; in others, notaries are licensed professionals who perform limited services. In common law countries such as the United States, a notary public typically authenticates signatures and administers oaths, whereas in many civil law jurisdictions, a notary (often called a public notary or notary in civil-law traditions) has broader powers including drafting and attesting legal instruments.

A notarial act generally involves several core steps. The notary verifies the signer's identity, ensures the signer understands the document, witnesses the signing, applies a seal, and records the act in a notary register. They may require identification documents and may refuse if the act would be illegal or fraudulent. Notaries generally do not validate the content’s truth; they certify that the signature or document is authentic and properly executed.

Notarial acts often facilitate cross-border transactions. For international use, an apostille or consular legalization may be required to certify the notarial act for use abroad.

Notarial officers are typically subject to licensing, continuing education, and a code of conduct; violations can result in penalties or removal from office. See also Notary public.