Notaries

Notaries are public officials who verify the authenticity of signatures and documents, administer oaths, and perform related tasks to prevent fraud. The exact title and powers vary by jurisdiction. In common-law countries, a notary public is typically appointed by a state or provincial authority to witness signatures, take acknowledgments, administer oaths and jurats, certify copies, and perform other authentication duties for documents such as deeds, powers of attorney, affidavits, and charters. Notaries in these systems generally do not provide legal advice; their authority is primarily to authenticate and attest.

In civil-law jurisdictions, the equivalent official is often called a civil-law notary and may have broader responsibilities. Civil-law notaries frequently draft and certify instruments, oversee real estate transactions, prepare wills, and maintain official registers. They are usually required to have formal legal training and licensure, and their role encompasses greater involvement in the preparation and execution of legal instruments.

Regulation and training differ by country. In the United States, notaries are commissioned by state authorities, must verify identity, maintain records, and renew their commission periodically. In many other countries, notaries are regulated by law and professional bodies, with standardized education and ongoing oversight.

Notaries often play a crucial role in international affairs by facilitating document authentication for cross-border use and, when needed, guiding documents through apostille or legalization processes under international conventions. The overarching goal is to provide neutral, reliable verification of documents and signatures to support legal transactions.