Noroviruses
Noroviruses are a group of non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses in the family Caliciviridae that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and various animals. They are highly contagious and are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, producing both sporadic cases and numerous outbreaks, especially in crowded settings such as ships, schools, and care facilities.
Taxonomy and genome: The genus Norovirus includes several genogroups (GI–GVI), with GI, GII, and GIV known to
Transmission and epidemiology: Noroviruses spread primarily by the fecal-oral route, including direct person-to-person contact, contaminated food
Clinical features and diagnosis: Illness is characterized by sudden nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and
Treatment and prevention: Management is supportive, focusing on rehydration and electrolyte balance. There is no specific
History: Noroviruses were first identified in an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, in 1968 and were later named