Nonmonogamy

Nonmonogamy is an umbrella term for intimate or sexual relationship practices in which people have connections with more than one partner, with the knowledge and consent of all involved. It contrasts with exclusive monogamy and is not synonymous with cheating or infidelity, which involve violating agreed-upon rules. Nonmonogamous arrangements emphasize negotiated boundaries, consent, and ongoing communication.

Common forms include polyamory, where individuals engage in multiple romantic and sexual relationships with the consent of everyone involved; open relationships, in which a committed couple allows sexual relationships outside the couple while maintaining a primary partnership; swinging, typically involving couples exchanging partners for sexual activity; and relationship anarchy, which seeks to minimize hierarchy and traditional norms in relationships. Other models include polyfidelity and various triads or groups, all defined by their own agreements and practices.

Nonmonogamous relationships rely on explicit agreements, honest communication, and ongoing consent. They may be hierarchical (with a primary partner or partners) or non-hierarchical, and rules can cover topics such as time management, sexual safety, emotional boundaries, and disclosure. Popular motivations cited by participants include emotional connection with multiple people, sexual variety, and the opportunity to form diverse support networks. Challenges can include jealousy, limited time, social stigma, and negotiating resources.

Health and safety considerations are important, including discussions of safer sex practices, regular STI testing, and clear, respectful boundaries. Legal recognition and social acceptance of nonmonogamous arrangements vary by culture and jurisdiction, and scholarly research continues to explore prevalence, dynamics, and well-being across different communities.