Nondegradable

Nondegradable, also called non-biodegradable, describes materials that do not readily break down into basic, naturally occurring substances through ordinary biological processes within a practical timeframe. In environmental contexts, nondegradable materials are contrasted with biodegradable ones. Nondegradable substances may persist for years or centuries, and degradation, if it occurs, tends to be physical or chemical weathering rather than true mineralization.

Common nondegradable materials include many plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS); glass; metals; and certain composites and elastomers. While some nondegradable materials can undergo fragmentation under weathering or UV exposure, they typically do not readily convert into harmless substances, and residues can accumulate in the environment.

Environmental and health implications: nondegradable materials can accumulate in landfills and in the natural environment, contribute to litter and pollution, and pose risks to wildlife through ingestion or entanglement. Microplastics—small fragments derived from larger plastics—pose concerns for waterways and food chains. In some cases, nondegradable substances can bind pollutants and facilitate their transport.

Reduction and management: strategies focus on reducing use, reusing materials, and improving recycling and resource efficiency. Design approaches emphasize durability while enabling end-of-life recovery, or the development of biodegradable alternatives where appropriate. Disposal options include recycling, energy recovery through incineration, and secure landfilling. Policy tools such as regulations, extended producer responsibility, and public education also aim to reduce reliance on nondegradable materials.