Nobelpalkinto

Nobelpalkinto is the Finnish term for the Nobel Prize, an international set of prizes awarded annually in recognition of outstanding contributions in various fields. The prizes were established by the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor, engineer and industrialist, in 1895. The awards commemorate Nobel's wish to honor those who have conferred the greatest benefit on humanity. Since 1901, awards have been presented in six categories: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The Economics prize was established later in 1968 by the central bank of Sweden in Nobel's memory and is commonly included among the Nobel Prizes.

Awards are presented by different bodies: Physics, Chemistry and Economic Sciences are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Physiology or Medicine by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute; Literature by the Swedish Academy; Peace by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, appointed by the Norwegian Parliament. The prize ceremonies take place annually on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death; Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace and Medicine prizes in Stockholm, with the Peace Prize ceremony in Oslo.

Each laureate receives a diploma, a gold medal, and a monetary award; the amount varies each year and is funded by the Nobel Foundation. The prize has become one of the most prestigious international recognitions and often influences research directions and public discourse. Notable laureates include Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Martin Luther King Jr., Malala Yousafzai, and Yoshinori Ohsumi. The awards are not without controversy, but they remain a key symbol of scientific, literary and humanitarian achievement.