Nikto

Nikto is a free, open-source web server vulnerability scanner that analyzes HTTP and HTTPS servers for potential security issues. It focuses on identifying dangerous files or scripts, outdated server software, and misconfigurations that could be exploited. Nikto does not exploit found vulnerabilities; instead, it provides a report of potential concerns to support further assessment and remediation.

Key features and scope include a large, regularly updated database of tests designed to detect a wide range of issues. The tool can fingerprint server software and version information, check for known risky configurations, and report items such as unsafe files, default accounts, and misconfigured HTTP headers. It is implemented in Perl and runs on multiple platforms where a Perl interpreter is available. The test database can be updated to reflect new threats, and results can be exported in formats such as HTML or CSV for documentation and collaboration.

Usage and applications: Nikto is commonly used by security professionals during penetration testing and vulnerability assessments to perform broad, non-credentialed audits of web servers. It is often employed as part of a larger suite of assessment tools to gain a rapid overview of potential issues. Users should interpret results carefully, as false positives can occur and deeper validation is typically required.

Limitations and ethics: Nikto is not a comprehensive vulnerability scanner and does not replace more thorough, authenticated testing or manual review. It may generate measurable traffic and can be noisy on sensitive networks. Given the potential to reveal security weaknesses, scans should be conducted only with explicit authorization and within legal guidelines.

Licensing and history: Nikto is distributed as free, open-source software under the GNU General Public License and is maintained by a community of contributors. It originated in the early 2000s and has continued to evolve with ongoing updates.