NigeriaBiafraKrieg

NigeriaBiafraKrieg refers to the Nigeria–Biafra War, a conflict between the government of Nigeria and the secessionist state of Biafra that lasted from 1967 to 1970. Biafra, declared independent on May 30, 1967, arose after decades of political instability, ethnic tension, and economic disparities following Nigeria’s decolonization. The immediate trigger was the 1966 pogroms against Igbo communities in northern Nigeria and the ensuing political crisis, which led Biafra to seek independence to preserve regional and ethnic interests. The Nigerian government aimed to restore federal authority and keep Nigeria intact, in part over control of resources such as oil.

The war featured conventional fighting, sieges, and a prolonged humanitarian crisis. A blockade and military operations disrupted supplies to Biafra, contributing to widespread famine and civilian suffering. International humanitarian relief, including efforts by the Red Cross, UNICEF, and other organizations, brought aid into the affected area, while various states provided political and logistical support on different sides. The conflict drew attention from global powers and observers, though external involvement varied in scale and intent.

On January 15, 1970, Biafra surrendered, and the conflict ended with the reintegration of Biafra into Nigeria. Nigerian authorities pursued a policy of reconciliation and a "no victor, no vanquished" formula to restore national unity. The war caused substantial loss of life and cultural disruption, with estimates of deaths ranging from hundreds of thousands to over a million, many due to famine and disease. The aftermath influenced Nigerian politics, regional relations, and policies regarding federalism and national integration for years to come.