Neuralrørsdefekt

Neuralrørsdefekt is a broad term encompassing birth defects that affect the brain and spinal cord. These conditions arise when the neural tube, a structure that develops into the central nervous system during early pregnancy, does not close completely. The most common types of neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. Spina bifida occurs when the spinal cord does not close properly, leading to varying degrees of paralysis, bowel and bladder problems, and learning disabilities. Anencephaly is a more severe condition where the major parts of the brain and skull fail to develop.

The exact causes of neural tube defects are not fully understood, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to play a role. Insufficient intake of folic acid, a B vitamin, before and during early pregnancy is a significant risk factor. Other contributing factors may include certain medications, maternal health conditions like diabetes, and environmental exposures.

Diagnosis can often be made during pregnancy through prenatal screening tests, such as blood tests and ultrasounds, or confirmed after birth. Treatment and management strategies depend on the specific type and severity of the defect. For spina bifida, this may involve surgery to close the defect shortly after birth, followed by lifelong therapies to manage associated complications. Anencephaly is typically incompatible with life. Prevention efforts primarily focus on ensuring adequate folic acid intake for women of childbearing age.