Nettonoll

Nettonoll, commonly translated as net zero, is a climate policy concept describing a balance between anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals within a defined period, so that the net effect on the atmosphere is zero. This does not require every emission to be eliminated; instead, any remaining emissions are offset by removals or credible reductions elsewhere, resulting in a net-zero outcome for the specified timeframe.

Achieving nettonoll typically involves a combination of rapid decarbonization across sectors—energy, transport, industry, and buildings—and the deployment of removals for residual emissions. Removal options include natural sinks such as forests and soils, as well as engineered approaches like carbon capture and storage or other negative-emission technologies. Offsetting credits may also play a role, but accounting rules aim to ensure that credits correspond to real, additional, verifiable, and permanent emissions reductions.

Policy context and targets vary by country and region. Many governments aim for nettonoll by mid-century, commonly around 2050, with some jurisdictions setting earlier or later milestones. Notable examples include the United Kingdom, the European Union, and several national plans that describe a pathway toward net zero, while China has pledged carbon neutrality by 2060.

Measurement and governance of nettonoll involve defining system boundaries, time horizons, and eligible removals. Controversies persist regarding the use of offsets, the permanence of removals, and the risk of delaying decarbonization in hard-to-abate sectors. Critics emphasize the need for strong near-term emission cuts and transparent accounting to prevent greenwashing.

Nettonoll is not synonymous with zero emissions everywhere at all times; it signifies a balance over a defined period, contingent on credible reductions and verifiable removals.