Netskod

Netskod, often written as netskod or nä tkod in Swedish contexts, refers to the set of European network codes that regulate the operation and development of cross-border electricity and gas networks. The codes were created to harmonize technical and market rules across the European Union to support a single internal energy market. They cover areas such as system operation, capacity allocation and congestion management, cross-border trading, balancing, grid connection, data exchange, and interoperability. The codes are developed by European network operators and regulators in cooperation with the European Commission; ENTSO-E (electricity) and ENTSO-G (gas) prepare the codes, with the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) coordinating approval and oversight. Once adopted and transposed into national law, the codes are binding on member states and enforced by national regulators.

In Sweden, netskod implementation occurs through national legislation and the work of Svenska kraftnät, the national transmission system operator, in collaboration with the Swedish Energy Agency and regulatory authorities. The codes influence how capacity is allocated at borders, how cross-border energy flows are managed, and how balancing and grid planning are coordinated within the Nordic region. The overarching goals are to improve security of supply, expand cross-border trade, and promote price convergence across markets. Critics point to the complexity and cost of harmonizing rules across diverse national contexts. The term netskod appears in regulatory filings, planning documents, and market analyses discussing European grid regulation and cross-border energy integration.