NeoNazism

Neo-Nazism refers to a range of post-World War II movements, individuals, and online networks that advocate white supremacist, antisemitic, and fascist-inspired ideologies echoing elements of Nazi doctrine. Although diverse in tactic and scale, neo-Nazi groups typically seek to preserve or revive Nazi symbolism, racial hierarchy, and nationalist mythology, while often reframing them for modern audiences. They emphasize antisemitism, anti-immigrant sentiment, patriarchy, and opposition to liberal democracy.

Origins: Emerged in the aftermath of World War II, gaining traction in the 1960s–1980s in North America and Europe, with persistence through the internet age. Core signifiers include use of swastikas, SS iconography, and coded language; though some groups stylize differently to broaden appeal.

Activities and tactics: Propaganda, recruitment via music, forums, and social media; some groups engage in street demonstrations, the formation of paramilitary cells, and violent crimes, including assaults and bombings, as part of extremist networks. The online sphere has facilitated transnational connections and the dissemination of conspiracy theories and Holocaust denial.

Legal status and public response: Many countries criminalize Nazi symbolism or Holocaust denial and prosecute hate crimes; in other jurisdictions, neo-Nazi activity is treated as extremist speech or groups to monitor. Broad political consensus condemns neo-Nazism as a form of extremist ideology that undermines democratic pluralism.