Nelore

Nelore is a Brazilian breed of beef cattle (Bos taurus indicus) developed from Indian Nellore stock (Ongole) introduced to Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Named after the Nellore region in present-day Andhra Pradesh, the breed was selected in tropical environments to improve adaptation, fertility, and growth in pasture-based systems. It is one of the most numerous cattle breeds in Brazil and plays a central role in the country’s beef production.

Nelore cattle are typically light gray to white, with a darker head and neck, a pronounced hump, pendulous dewlap, and long ears—features common to zebu cattle. They are known for heat tolerance, resistance to tropical parasites, and the ability to thrive on low-quality forage. They generally exhibit good fertility and calving performance under extensive management.

The breed is primarily used for beef. In Brazil, Nelore dominates commercial beef production and is widely used in crossbreeding programs to confer heat tolerance, disease resistance, and rapid growth to taurine cattle. The Nelore model has been exported and utilized in other tropical regions, including parts of South America and Australia, often through crossbreeding or direct production.

Nelore remains a high-demand breed due to its adaptability and productivity. It is not considered at risk, and breeding programs continue to refine carcass quality, maternal traits, and profitability in pasture-based systems.