Natriumbenzoaatti

Natriumbenzoaatti is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, with the chemical formula C7H5NaO2. It is a white crystalline solid, highly soluble in water. In aqueous solution, it dissociates into sodium ions and benzoate ions. This compound is widely used as a food preservative. It functions by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds, particularly in acidic foods. Common products containing natriumbenzoaatti include carbonated beverages, jams, pickles, and salad dressings.

The effectiveness of natriumbenzoaatti is dependent on the pH of the food product. It is most effective in environments with a pH below 4.5, where the undissociated benzoic acid form is prevalent. Benzoic acid is the active antimicrobial agent. Regulatory bodies in many countries, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), have approved its use as a food additive within specified limits. The E number for natriumbenzoaatti as a food additive is E211.

While generally considered safe, some individuals may experience adverse reactions to natriumbenzoaatti, such as allergic responses or hyperactivity in children. Concerns have also been raised regarding its potential to form benzene, a carcinogen, when combined with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) under certain conditions, especially when exposed to heat or light. Manufacturers often strive to minimize these conditions. It is also used in some pharmaceuticals as a preservative and in cosmetic products.