Narcinidae

Narcinidae is a family of electric rays belonging to the order Torpediniformes. These cartilaginous fishes are characterized by their ability to generate electric discharges. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting a variety of marine environments from shallow coastal areas to the deep sea.

The family Narcinidae includes several genera, with the most well-known being Narcine. Members of this family typically have rounded, flattened bodies and two dorsal fins. Their pectoral fins are fused with the head and body, forming a disc-like structure. The electric organs, which are modified muscle tissue, are located on either side of the pectoral fins. These organs produce low-voltage electrical discharges, primarily used for defense and to stun prey.

Narcinids are generally benthic, meaning they live on or near the seabed. They feed on small invertebrates and fish. Their reproduction is ovoviviparous, with the young developing inside the mother and being born live. While not typically targeted by commercial fisheries, some species may be caught as bycatch. The study of electric rays like those in the Narcinidae family has provided valuable insights into electrophysiology and the evolution of electrical generation in animals.