Nahaaluse

Nahaaluse is an Estonian term describing the subcutaneous tissue, the layer of connective and adipose tissue located beneath the dermis and above the underlying muscles or bones. It is also referred to as the hypodermis. The nahaaluse serves as an interface between the skin and deeper structures and contributes to insulation, energy storage, and cushioning.

Location and composition: The nahaaluse lies between the dermis and the deep fascia or muscle. It is composed mainly of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, and it contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and cutaneous nerves. The thickness of this layer varies by body site, age, sex, and individual, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters. It often shows regional differences, being relatively thicker in areas such as the abdomen, hips, and thighs.

Functions: Adipose tissue within the nahaaluse stores energy and provides thermal insulation and mechanical cushioning for underlying structures. The loose connective tissue permits some movement of skin over deeper tissues and houses the vasculature and nerves that supply the skin.

Clinical relevance: The nahaaluse is a common target in medical procedures such as subcutaneous injections (for example, insulin or anticoagulants) and cosmetic liposuction, which removes fat from this layer to alter contour. Conditions affecting the nahaaluse include lipodystrophy, edema, and cellulite, reflecting changes in fat distribution, fluid balance, or connective tissue structure. The layer is continuous with the superficial fascia and can vary considerably between individuals and body sites.