Nadzoru

Nadzór is a Polish term that denotes the act or system of supervising, overseeing, and controlling activities, organizations, or markets to ensure compliance with laws, regulations, and standards. It encompasses both the monitoring process and the institutions responsible for it. The genitive form nadzoru is used in phrases such as system nadzoru or zakres nadzoru.

In practice, nadzór is exercised by public authorities at central and local levels, as well as by sectoral regulators. Its aims include protecting public safety, ensuring financial stability, safeguarding consumer interests, and maintaining fair competition. Supervisory activities typically include licensing and authorizations, ongoing reporting and risk assessment, inspections or audits, corrective actions, and, when necessary, sanctions or revocation of licenses.

Common domains of nadzór include financial markets, banking, insurance and pension schemes, health care, construction and building safety, environmental protection, and consumer protection. In each domain, authorities set standards, monitor compliance, and coordinate with law enforcement or courts to address violations.

In Poland, nadzór is applied across many sectors, with sector-specific regulators and inspection bodies. Examples include financial supervision by Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego and building control under nadzór budowlany. The term is also used more generally to describe internal governance oversight within organizations, such as corporate oversight or supervisory boards.