Mükobakterioose

Mükobakterioose refers to diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. These bacteria are typically rod-shaped and can be found in various environments, including soil and water. While some mycobacteria are harmless, others are pathogenic, meaning they can cause disease in humans and animals. The most well-known mycobacterial disease is tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, other mycobacteria, collectively known as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), can also cause a range of infections.

NTM infections can affect the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, and other parts of the body. They are often acquired by inhaling or ingesting the bacteria, or through contact with contaminated water or soil. Risk factors for developing NTM disease include weakened immune systems, pre-existing lung conditions, and certain medical procedures. Symptoms vary depending on the site of infection but can include persistent cough, fever, weight loss, skin lesions, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis typically involves laboratory tests, such as cultures and molecular assays, to identify the specific Mycobacterium species. Treatment often requires long-term antibiotic therapy, which can be complex due to the slow growth of mycobacteria and their inherent resistance to many common antibiotics. Prevention strategies focus on good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to contaminated environments.