mycobacteria
Mycobacteria are a genus of thin, rod-shaped, slow-growing bacteria in the phylum Actinobacteria. They are characterized by a lipid-rich cell wall containing mycolic acids, which makes them acid-fast and resistant to many common stains and disinfectants.
Most are environmental saprophytes found in soil and water, but several species are human or animal pathogens.
They are obligate aerobes and tend to be slow-growing, with division times measured in hours to days.
Pathogenic species cause chronic granulomatous infections. TB causes pulmonary disease and disseminated disease; leprosy affects skin
TB is primarily airborne; leprosy requires prolonged contact in some settings; NTMs are often environmental. Treatment
Infection control, surveillance, and proper antibiotic stewardship are key.