Munuaisvaltimot

Munuaisvaltimot are the primary arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the kidneys. In humans, there are typically two renal arteries, one for each kidney, branching directly from the abdominal aorta. These arteries are crucial for the filtration and purification of blood, a core function of the kidneys.

The anatomy of the renal arteries is relatively straightforward, although variations can occur. They originate on either side of the aorta, usually at a slightly different height. The right renal artery is generally shorter than the left due to the aorta's position slightly to the left of the midline. Upon entering the kidney, each main renal artery divides into several smaller branches, known as segmental arteries, which then further subdivide into interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries, ultimately leading to the glomeruli where filtration begins.

Diseases affecting the munuaisvaltimot are often referred to as renal artery disease. The most common condition is renal artery stenosis, a narrowing of the artery, often caused by atherosclerosis. This narrowing can significantly reduce blood flow to the kidney, potentially leading to hypertension (high blood pressure) and kidney damage. Other conditions include renal artery aneurysms, which are bulges in the artery wall, and fibromuscular dysplasia, a non-atherosclerotic disease that causes abnormal cell growth in the artery walls, leading to narrowing or blockages. Diagnosis of these conditions typically involves imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition and may include medication, angioplasty with stenting, or surgical repair.