Munuaishaitat

Munuaishaitat, also known as kidney stones, are hard deposits of mineral and acid salts that form inside the kidneys. These formations can vary in size, ranging from a grain of sand to a golf ball, and typically cause discomfort or pain when they move through the urinary tract. The condition is relatively common, affecting millions of people worldwide each year.

The exact cause of kidney stones is not always clear, but several factors contribute to their formation. These include dehydration, a diet high in salt, oxalates, or animal protein, obesity, and certain medical conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or urinary tract infections. Genetics may also play a role, as a family history of kidney stones increases the likelihood of developing them.

Symptoms of kidney stones often include severe pain in the back or side, radiating to the lower abdomen or groin, nausea, vomiting, and frequent urination. Pain may come in waves and can be intense, often described as one of the most painful medical conditions. Blood in the urine, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and an inability to urinate may also occur. If a stone blocks the flow of urine, it can lead to infection or permanent kidney damage.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds, as well as blood and urine tests to identify the type of stone and underlying causes. Treatment depends on the size and location of the stone. Small stones may pass on their own with increased hydration and pain management. Larger stones may require medical intervention, including medications to break them up, procedures like lithotripsy (shock wave therapy), or surgery to remove them.

Prevention focuses on maintaining proper hydration, adjusting dietary habits, and managing underlying health conditions. Reducing intake of sodium, oxalates, and animal protein while increasing citrus fruits and low-oxalate foods may help reduce the risk of recurrence. Regular medical follow-up is recommended for individuals prone to kidney stones.