Mullus

Mullus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Mullidae, commonly known as goatfishes. The genus comprises two widely recognized species, Mullus barbatus (the common red mullet) and Mullus surmuletus (the striped red mullet). They are coastal, demersal fishes with elongated bodies, two dorsal fins, and paired chin barbels used to probe the substrate for prey. Their color ranges from reddish to pinkish, with a lighter ventral side; juveniles may display more pronounced striping.

Distribution and habitat: Mullus species are native to the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, with ranges extending from western Europe to western Africa and into the Black Sea. They inhabit shallow coastal waters over sandy or muddy bottoms, typically at depths from about 5 to 150 meters, and are often found near estuaries and seagrass beds.

Biology: They feed primarily on small invertebrates such as crustaceans, mollusks, and polychaete worms, using their barbels to locate prey. Spawning occurs in warmer months, and eggs and larvae are pelagic. Growth is gradual, and individuals may reach substantial sizes in the wild, depending on locality and fishing pressure.

Fisheries and human use: Red mullets are an important target for both artisanal and commercial fisheries across the Mediterranean and parts of the Atlantic. They are marketed fresh and preserved through salting or drying and feature in regional cuisines. Stock status varies by region, with some populations affected by overfishing and subject to management measures.

Etymology: The genus name Mullus is derived from Latin, reflecting its long-standing recognition as a mullet-like fish.