Mullidae

Mullidae is a family of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The family is commonly known as goatfishes or triggerfishes, and it includes around 150 species. These fish are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, with a few species occurring in temperate regions. They are characterized by their robust bodies, large mouths, and a distinctive "trigger" on the dorsal fin, which is used for defense. The trigger is a modified spine that can be extended and retracted rapidly, allowing the fish to "snap" at predators or other threats.

Mullidae species vary in size, with some reaching lengths of over a meter. They are typically solitary or pair-living, and their diet consists mainly of small fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Many species are of commercial importance, particularly for their flesh, which is highly prized in some cuisines. Some species are also kept as aquarium pets due to their striking colors and interesting behaviors.

The family Mullidae is further divided into several subfamilies, including the Mullinae, which includes the goatfishes, and the Gerreinae, which includes the gerres. The taxonomy of the family is still a subject of ongoing research, with some species being reclassified or redescribed based on new genetic and morphological evidence. Despite these changes, the family remains a diverse and important group of marine fish.