Mouthguards

Mouthguards are protective devices that cover the teeth, gums, and inside of the lips and cheeks. They absorb and distribute impact forces to reduce the risk of dental injuries, soft tissue lacerations, and jaw injuries during sports and activities with potential facial blows.

Most mouthguards fall into three categories: stock, boil-and-bite, and custom-fitted. Stock guards are ready to wear but often fit poorly. Boil-and-bite guards are softened in hot water and molded to the teeth for a closer fit. Custom-fitted guards are made from an impression of the teeth by a dentist and offer the best fit and protection. They are typically made from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA); other materials such as silicone may be used.

Fitting and care are essential for effectiveness. Custom guards are fitted by a dentist to ensure proper bite alignment, while boil-and-bite guards are shaped by the user. After use, rinse with water, clean with mild soap, and dry thoroughly. Avoid hot water and heat that can warp the material. Store guards in a ventilated case and replace them when worn or when growth changes mouth size.

Mouthguards are widely recommended for contact and collision sports to reduce the risk of dental injuries, lip and tongue injuries, and jaw damage. The evidence for concussion prevention is inconclusive and likely limited; protection mainly comes from reducing direct impacts to the teeth and lips. They should not replace other protective equipment or proper technique.

Night guards, or occlusal splints, are designed for bruxism and temporomandibular joint disorders. They are usually custom-made and worn at night; they are distinct from sport mouthguards but share similar materials.