Mitallergien

Mitallergien is a German term used to describe the coexistence of multiple allergic diseases in a single patient. It is not a formal diagnostic category, but a clinical concept that reflects how several IgE-mediated conditions can appear together, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and various food allergies.

The underlying mechanism involves a shared atopic predisposition with genetic factors and environmental exposures. Immune responses are often driven by IgE antibodies and a Th2-skewed profile, while epithelial barrier dysfunction and sensitization to multiple allergens can promote polysensitization and cross-reactivity. The term emphasizes that these conditions can interact, worsen overall disease burden, and complicate management.

Epidemiologically, people with atopy frequently exhibit more than one allergic disease; the co-occurrence is common in children and can persist into adulthood. Recognizing mitallergien is important for comprehensive assessment and treatment planning.

Diagnosis relies on thorough clinical history and physical examination to identify all allergic manifestations. Objective tests may include skin prick testing or serum-specific IgE measurement for suspected allergens, along with oral food challenges when indicated. Assessment for comorbid asthma or eczema is essential, since airway and skin involvement often influence each other.

Management focuses on controlling each condition and reducing shared triggers. This includes allergen avoidance when feasible, appropriate pharmacotherapy (for example, intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators), and, in selected cases, allergen immunotherapy. Patient education and an integrated care approach improve outcomes.