Mikroservicar

Mikroservicar is a software architecture style that structures an application as a collection of small, autonomous services. Each service implements a single business capability, is independently deployable, and can be developed by a dedicated team. Services communicate through lightweight protocols such as HTTP/REST or messaging, and each typically has its own data store, which reduces coupling and enables independent evolution.

Key characteristics include bounded contexts, decentralized governance, and autonomous deployment. Services are designed to be small and cohesive, with explicit interfaces. Organizations often adopt a polyglot approach, allowing different services to use different programming languages and data stores as appropriate.

Benefits include improved scalability, resilience, and faster release cycles, along with closer alignment between teams and business capabilities. However, microservices introduce challenges such as distributed system complexity, data consistency across services, network latency, and higher operational overhead for deployment, monitoring, and fault handling.

Patterns to manage complexity include API gateways, service discovery, circuit breakers, and event-driven communication. Data management frequently relies on eventual consistency and patterns like sagas for distributed transactions. Infrastructure practices such as containerization, orchestration (for example Kubernetes), and automated CI/CD are common.

Origin and usage: The concept evolved from service-oriented architecture and domain-driven design, gaining prominence in the 2010s as organizations like Netflix and Amazon adopted microservices to scale development and deployment. They are well suited for large, evolving applications but may be unnecessary for small systems that can be effectively built as monoliths.